International Journal of Innovation, Enterprise, and Social Sciences
The International Journal of Innovation, Enterprise, and Social Sciences (IJIESS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication of Scholar Nest Publishers. The journal provides a multidisciplinary platform for advancing research at the intersection of business, innovation, entrepreneurship, and the social sciences, with a strong focus on practical solutions to real-world challenges. Its scope covers Innovation and Technology (innovation management, digital transformation, sustainable innovation), Enterprise and Entrepreneurship (SMEs, startups, governance, strategic management), Social Sciences (leadership, organizational behavior, social enterprises, development studies), and Cross-disciplinary Studies (innovation in education, health, policy, and socio-economic impacts). SUBMIT YOUR PAPER
WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS IN KENYA
This study investigates the relationship between working capital management and the financial performance of 13 microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Kenya over the period 2015 to 2024. Microfinance institutions are instrumental in advancing financial inclusion and poverty alleviation, serving approximately 45% of Kenya’s informal sector. Despite notable improvements in liquidity — rising from 38% in 2019 to 81% in 2022 — many MFIs have continued to record weak financial performance, with negative average Return on Assets (ROA) figures, including -6% in 2024. These trends, particularly among large MFIs with a dominant market share, raise concerns regarding institutional sustainability and their ability to support long-term development goals. The study focused on four core components of working capital management: liquidity management, and loan portfolio management to explore how they affect financial performance (measured in terms of ROA). A mixed research design, combining cross-sectional and longitudinal (panel data) approaches, was employed. Secondary data was obtained from audited financial statements of the 13 selected MFIs over the ten-year period. The study variables were measured based various indicators. Liquidity management was assessed using the ratio of cash and cash equivalents to total assets. Loan portfolio management was evaluated using loan loss coverage ratio while financial performance was measured in terms of ROA. The data was analyzed based on descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis) as well as inferential statistics (correlation and regression analysis). Findings revealed a positive but insignificant relationship between liquidity management, with financial performance. However, there was a significant negative relationship between loan portfolio management and financial performance. The study concluded that liquidity management, has insignificant positive effect on financial performance, while loan portfolio management has a significant negative effect. The insignificant positive effect is attributed to poor liquidity management, while poor loan portfolio management is considered the cause of its significant negative effect. The study therefore provides several recommendations to streamline each of them towards enhancing performance including hiring qualified financial analysts and proficient credit management professionals among other measures. Key Words: Working Capital Management, Financial Performance, Microfinance Institutions (MFIs), Liquidity Management, Loan Portfolio Management, Kenya
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Innovation, Enterprise, and Social Sciences
INNOVATION STRATEGIES AND PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTION FIRMS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA
The construction sector, comparable to other medium enterprises, confronts a volatile economic landscape due to the constantly evolving business climate. This study aimed to determine the impact of innovation strategies on the performance of construction enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was directed by the following specific objectives: to ascertain the impact of product innovation strategies on the performance of construction companies in Nairobi County, Kenya; and to ascertain the impact of technological innovation strategies on the performance of construction companies in Nairobi County, Kenya; The research was based on the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and Porter's Theory of Competitive Advantage. The research employed a descriptive approach to assess the impact of innovation initiatives on the performance of construction firms in Nairobi County. The target population comprises 113 construction enterprises in Nairobi, Kenya, with three business unit managers from each firm serving as responders. The research employed convenience and purposive sampling methods to ascertain the sample size. Ten percent of the sample size will be allocated for the pilot study. The research employed a structured questionnaire to gather primary data, while SPSS was utilized for data analysis. The study was constrained by information bias from the respondent. Descriptive and inferential statistics will be employed to ascertain the correlations between the variables. The correlation coefficient assessed the relationship between independent and dependent variables, while regression analysis evaluated the strength of this relationship. Data was given as tables. The results indicated statistical evidence that innovation techniques positively influenced the performance of construction enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya. The correlation study results indicated a strong positive relationship between innovation strategies and the organizational performance of construction enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya. The regression analysis results indicated that innovation methods had a favorable and significant influence on the performance of construction enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya. Key Words: Innovation Strategies, Product Innovation Strategies, Technological Innovation Strategies, Performance, Construction Companies, Nairobi County, Kenya
SUPPLY CHAIN FLEXIBILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF FOOD & BEVERAGE MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
The performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms in Nairobi City County has declined over the past three years despite government efforts to stimulate industrial growth through tax incentives, policy reforms, and infrastructural investments aimed at improving the ease of doing business. This study examined the relationship between supply chain flexibility and the performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya, with specific focus on supplier flexibility and distribution flexibility. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population comprised 476 management staff drawn from 119 food and beverage manufacturing firms in Nairobi City County. The unit of analysis was the firms, while the unit of observation included supply chain management personnel, namely heads of procurement administration, supply chain managers, warehouse managers, and production managers. Using stratified random sampling, a sample of 217 respondents was selected. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS. Data analysis involved both descriptive statistics (frequencies, means, and standard deviations) and inferential statistics, including Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis. The findings revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between supplier flexibility, distribution flexibility, and firm performance. Firms that maintain multiple alternative suppliers and can easily switch suppliers during disruptions tend to experience improved operational efficiency and profit growth. In addition, distribution flexibility, including adaptable transport arrangements and flexible delivery schedules, enhances responsiveness to market demands and improves service delivery. The study concludes that supply chain flexibility plays a critical role in enhancing the performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms. The study recommends that manufacturing firms strengthen supplier collaboration and invest in flexible distribution systems supported by digital technologies to improve supply chain responsiveness and overall organizational performance. Key Words: Supply Chain Flexibility, Supplier Flexibility, Distribution Flexibility, Firm Performance, Nairobi City County.
LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF DISTRIBUTION FIRMS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
Recent changes in business dynamics necessitate organizations to recognize the importance of strategically re-looking at their business processes. This has seen entrepreneurs and managers constantly coming up with effective management practices aimed at minimizing operational costs and at the same time boosting returns on their investments. Understanding this is very important in growing organizations as every part of the supply chain is essential for the profitability of the entire organization. The main purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of logistics management practices and Operational Performance of Distribution Firms in Nairobi County, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the contribution of information flow on the Operational Performance of Distribution Firms in Nairobi County, and finally to establish the contribution of material handling and Operational Performance of Distribution Firms in Nairobi County. The metrics for measuring the organization’s Operational Performance was: Order-to-delivery lead time, Quality & Customer Satisfaction, and Flexibility & Responsiveness This study adopts the descriptive research design to obtain information about the study topic. The study’s population comprises employees in the management, Procurement, Marketing, Warehouse, Distribution, Human Resources, and Transport logistics departments involved with logistics management practices and was selected using a stratified random sampling approach. The data was collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive analysis. Data analysis was done using multiple regression analysis to establish the relationship between the variables. Key Words: Logistics Management Practices, Information Flow, Material Handling, Operational Performance, Distribution Firms, Nairobi County, Kenya
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Innovation, Enterprise, and Social Sciences
PROJECT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF URBAN FOOD SECURITY PROJECTS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
Project resource management is one of the most critical factors in project management because project budget is one of the key metrics of project performance. Food security is a critical concern in Kenya hence the need to develop projects that will enhance food security in the country. Nairobi County has implemented several initiatives to enhance urban food security but objective of the food security initiatives is yet to be fully realized. The general objective of the study was to establish the effect of project resource management on performance of urban food security projects in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The specific objectives were to establish the effect of resource utilization and resource forecasting on performance of urban food security projects in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study was guided by theory of constraints, and management competency theory. The study adopted descriptive research. The unit of observation was 10 urban food security projects in Nairobi County. The unit of observation was 10 project managers, 10 project supervisors, and 100 project implementation team members. The study used census hence all the 120 targeted respondents were sampled. The study used questionnaires for data collection. The pilot study was conducted with 10% of the sampled respondents (12 respondents). This study used construct and content validity. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient was used to measure reliability. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 28. Findings were presented in tables. The content of the questionnaire was approved by the research supervisors. Key findings showed that resource utilization and resource forecasting positively and significantly affect project performance, with resource utilization emerging as the strongest predictor. The study concludes that effective planning, efficient use of available inputs, proactive forecasting, and balanced workload distribution are essential for achieving timely, reliable, and impactful food security outcomes. Based on these findings, the study recommends improving utilization through better prioritization and reduced wastage, enhancing forecasting capacity using structured tools and contingency planning, these measures are expected to enhance efficiency, ensure consistent food availability, and support the successful implementation of urban food security initiatives in Nairobi City County. Key Words: Project Resource Management, Performance of Urban Food Security Projects, Resource Utilization, Resource Forecasting, Nairobi City County, Kenya
Performance of Urban Food Security Projects
MULTI-SECTOR PARTNERSHIPS AND PERFORMANCE OF DONOR-FUNDED HEALTH PROJECTS IN MURANG’A COUNTY, KENYA
Persistent reliance on donor funding continues to undermine the long-term sustainability of health interventions in many developing countries. As external support declines, numerous donor-funded projects fail to maintain service delivery, exposing systemic weaknesses in local health systems. This study examined the influence of multi-sector partnerships on the performance of donor-funded health projects in Murang’a County, Kenya. Grounded in Stakeholder Theory, the study assessed how collaboration among government agencies, non-governmental organizations, private sector actors, and community structures contributes to project continuity, resource coordination, and institutional resilience. A descriptive research design was adopted, and data were collected from 140 respondents drawn from 28 licensed public health facilities. Using SPSS Version 27, the study employed descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, including regression modeling. Findings revealed that multi-sector partnerships significantly and positively influence the performance of donor-funded health projects. Stronger cross-sector collaboration enhanced service delivery, improved resource pooling, minimized duplication of efforts, and strengthened local ownership. The study concludes that effective multi-sector partnerships are critical for sustaining health outcomes beyond donor exit and recommends institutionalizing structured partnership frameworks, improving coordination mechanisms, and integrating joint monitoring and accountability systems. KEYWORDS: Multi-sector partnerships; donor-funded health projects; project performance; Murang’a County.
SUSTAINABLE LOGISTICS PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE OF THE FLORICULTURE EXPORT SECTOR IN KENYA
The performance of Kenya’s floriculture export sector has been declining in recent years. In 2023, total horticulture export earnings dropped by 6.8%, with flower exports contributing significantly to this decline. The volume of cut flowers exported fell from 210,000 metric tons in 2021 to 185,000 metric tons in 2023. The general objective of the study is to determine the effect of sustainable logistics practices on floriculture export sector in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to determine the influence of sustainable packaging on performance of the floriculture export sector in Kenya, and to establish the effect of route optimization on performance of the floriculture export sector in Kenya. This study was anchored on Resource-Based View (RBV) Theory and Systems Theory. This study used descriptive research design. This study targeted the floriculture export companies in Kenya in Kenya. According to Agriculture and Food Authority report (2024), there are 74 Registered floriculture export companies in Kenya in Kenya. This study targeted heads of logistics and procurement department in these companies hence the total target population was 148 respondents. The researcher used Stratified sampling. Yamane Formula (1967) was used to calculate the sample size. A sample size of 108 respondents participated in the study. Data from questionnaires were coded and analysed using the latest Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software. The study employed mixed methods data analysis by applying the use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Quantitative data collected was analysed by the use of descriptive statistics which include percentages, means, standard deviations and frequencies. Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the strength and the direction of the relationship between the independent and the dependent variables. The study concludes that sustainable packaging has a positive and significant effect on performance of the floriculture export sector in Kenya. In addition, the study concludes that route optimization has a positive and significant effect on performance of the floriculture export sector in Kenya. From the results, the study recommends that floriculture export sector in Kenya should integrate real-time GPS and data analytics systems to streamline transportation from farms to export hubs and airports. By using intelligent route planning technologies, exporters can reduce delays, minimize fuel consumption, and ensure that flowers reach their destinations faster and in optimal condition. Key Words: Sustainable Logistics Practices, Floriculture Export Sector, Sustainable Packaging, Route Optimization
ELECTRONIC WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE OF INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERS IN KENYA
Internet Service Providers play a crucial role in enabling connectivity among individuals and businesses by utilizing a range of technologies such as landline telephony, mobile networks, and internet services. Telecommunication companies in Kenya face several challenges that hinder their sustainable performance, despite the rapid growth of the sector. The general objective of this study is to assess the influence of electronic waste management practices on environmental performance of Internet Service Providers in Kenya. Specifically, it sought to determine the influence of E-Refurbishment on environmental performance of Internet Service Providers in Kenya and to examine the influence of E-Safe Disposal on environmental performance of Internet Service Providers in Kenya. According to the communication authority report (2023), in Kenya there are Tier 1 (n=4), Tier 2 (n=35) and Tier 3 (n=113), N=152 ISP companies which are also categorized as network infrastructure service providers by CA market segmentation. The unit of analysis was 152 Internet Service Providers while the unit of observation was 304 respondents comprising of operations manager and the chief executive officers working with the Internet Service Providers. The study used Krejcie and Morgan (1970) formula to arrive at the sample size. The study used simple random sampling to select 173 respondents. This study also used questionnaire to collect data relevant to this study. Quantitative data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques which are frequencies, mean, standard deviation. Inferential statistics which include Pearson correlation and the Regression Analysis Model was used to test the relationship between study variables. The significance of the model was tested at 5% level of significance. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The study results were presented through use of tables and figures. The study concludes that electronic waste refurbishment has a positive and significant effect on performance of Internet Service Providers in Kenya. The study also concludes that electronic waste safe disposal has a positive and significant effect on performance of Internet Service Providers in Kenya. Based on the finding, the study recommends that the management of internet service providers in Kenya should adopt a structured electronic waste refurbishment program to restore and reuse outdated but functional equipment. By refurbishing devices, ISPs can reduce capital expenditure on new equipment, expand service coverage in underserved areas cost-effectively, and support sustainability goals. Key Words: Electronic Waste Management Practices, Environmental Performance, Internet Service Providers, E-Refurbishment, E-Safe Disposal
ICT ADOPTION AND LEARNING EFFICIENCY IN PUBLIC TVET INSTITUTIONS WITHIN NAIROBI COUNTY
In Kenya, Technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET) institutions have increasingly embraced the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to enhance the delivery of education and training programs. Learning has become more interractive especially in TVET institutions in Kenya and it has been facilitated by several factors, including the government's commitment to investing in ICT infrastructure, the availability of affordable internet connectivity, and the growing demand for flexible and convenient modes of learning. Additionally, the proliferation of mobile devices and the popularity of social media platforms have made it easier for learners to access learning materials. Thus this study aimed to examine the role of ICT adoption on the effectiveness of learning in TVET institutions in Nairobi County. Specifically, the study aimed to analyze how ICT infrastructure and trainees attitude towards use of ICT influences learning efficiency in Public TVET institutions within nairobi county. The study used descriptive research design. The unit of analysis was 26 public TVET institutions within Nairobi County. The unit of observation was 40,000 trainees an 1540 trainers of the TVET institutions.. The sample size was 382 trainees and 14 trainers and cluster sampling was used to select the respondent from the sample. The study relied on primary data that was collected using the questionnaires. A pilot study was conducted with 40 respondents. The study used content and construct validity. Reliability was tested using Cronbach Alpha coefficient. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used to analyze the collected data (SPSS). The study used descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings were tabulated. Results showed that; a moderate positive and statistically significant relationship between ICT infrastructure and learning efficiency (r=0.323, p-value= 0.000), and a strong positive and statistically significant relationship between trainees attitude towards ICT use and learning efficiency (r=0.826, p-value= 0.000). The recomemndations are; TVETs should formulate and implement clear and comprehensive ICT policies that guide and support digital learning integration, prioritize investments in modern ICT infrastructure including computers, projectors, smart boards, stable internet connectivity, and updated software, continuous professional development programs to enhance trainers’ skills and capabilities in use of ICT tools and integrating them in pedagogy, and showcase the value and benefits of ICT in improving learning experiences and career readiness. Key Words: ICT, ICT Adoption, ICT Infrastructure, Trainees Attitude, Learning Efficiency, Public TVET Institutions, Nairobi County
SUPPLY CHAIN VISIBILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF PHARMACEUTICAL DISTRIBUTION FIRMS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
This study examined the effect of supply chain visibility on the performance of pharmaceutical distribution firms, focusing on real-time tracking and ICT integration. The study was anchored on Systems Theory, and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). A descriptive research design was employed, targeting 109 pharmaceutical distribution firms, including multinational distributors, importers, and local manufacturers. A stratified random sampling technique selected 86 firms, with data collected from three key respondents per firm, finance managers, quality control officers, and procurement personnel- resulting in a total of 258 respondents. A structured questionnaire containing closed-ended Likert scale questions was used as the primary data collection instrument. A pilot study was conducted to test the reliability and validity of the research instrument, with Cronbach’s Alpha used to assess internal consistency. The findings from the pilot study confirmed that the questionnaire meets the acceptable reliability threshold (α ≥ 0.7). These results validated the questionnaire as a robust tool for assessing supply chain visibility and firm performance in pharmaceutical distribution firms. Final study data was analyzed using SPPS Version 28 descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations) and inferential statistics (multiple regression and correlation analysis) to establish relationships between supply chain visibility dimensions and firm performance. The findings revealed that all four dimensions had a positive and significant effect on firm performance, with real-time tracking emerging as the most influential predictor, followed by ICT integration. Based on these results, the study concluded that supply chain visibility as a critical driver of operational efficiency, customer satisfaction, and financial success. Consequently, the study recommended that firms should enhance their investment in real-time tracking technologies, fully integrate advanced ICT systems such as ERP and blockchain. Strengthening these areas would enable pharmaceutical distribution firms to achieve greater agility, resilience, and competitiveness in a rapidly evolving market environment. Key Words: Supply Chain Visibility, Real-Time Tracking, ICT Integration, Performance, Pharmaceutical Distribution Firms, Nairobi City County, Kenya
STRATEGIC PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE OF STATE CORPORATIONS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of strategic procurement practices—specifically procurement need analysis and procurement contract award—on the performance of state corporations in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population comprised 2,142 employees from state corporations in Nairobi City County, from which a sample of 337 respondents was selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires based on a five-point Likert scale. A pilot test established acceptable reliability (α > 0.70) and content validity (CVI > 0.50). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 28 and results presented using tables and figures. The findings indicated that a unit increase in procurement need analysis was associated with a 0.4213 improvement in performance of state corporations, holding other factors constant. Additionally, a unit increase in procurement contract award practices contributed a 0.354 increase in performance. The study concludes that both procurement need analysis and procurement contract award significantly enhance the performance of state corporations in Nairobi City County. It recommends that state corporations strengthen their procurement need identification processes and adopt transparent, timely, and objective contract award procedures to realize improved performance outcomes. Key Words: Strategic Procurement Practices, Procurement Need Analysis, Procurement Contract Award, Performance of State Corporations, Nairobi City County, Kenya
INTRAPRENEURSHIP INNOVATION STRATEGIES AND PERFORMANCE OF REAL ESTATE FIRMS IN KIAMBU COUNTY, KENYA
The real estate sector in Kiambu County, Kenya is experiencing rapid growth due to urbanization, infrastructural development, and increased investment. However, real estate firms continue to face performance challenges, including fluctuating property demand, high operational costs, regulatory constraints, and limited access to financing. These challenges necessitate the adoption of intrapreneurial innovation strategies to enhance firm performance. This study examined the effect of intrapreneurial innovation strategies on the performance of real estate firms in Kiambu County, Kenya, focusing on market segmentation and innovation accounting. The study was anchored on Market Segmentation Theory and Signaling Theory, which provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the impact of these strategies on business performance. The study employed a descriptive research design to systematically analyze the relationship between intrapreneurial innovation strategies and firm performance. The target population consisted of 1,524 registered real estate firms in Kiambu County, with a sample size of 317 firms, determined using Yamane’s (1967) formula. A stratified random sampling technique was used. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires, which was tested for validity and reliability before data collection. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS Version 28. Content of the questionnaire was approved by the supervisors and marketing managers in the real estate sector. Findings show that; there is a strong positive and statistically significant relationship between market segmentation and performance of real estate firms in Kiambu County, Kenya, and a strong positive and statistically significant relationship between innovation accounting and performance of real estate firms in Kiambu County, Kenya. The recommendations are; real estate firms should invest in advanced data analytics tools to segment customers based on the changing demographics, psychographics, geographical, and customers’ behaviours and the firms should adopt innovation accounting structures that evaluate the financial feasibility and effect of new products, services, and technologies. Key Words: Intrapreneurial Innovation Strategies, Performance of Real Estate Firms, Market Segmentation, Innovation Accounting, Kiambu County, Kenya
ANTECEDENTS OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS ADOPTION BY COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA
This study examined the antecedents of derivative instruments by commercial banks in Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to examine the effect of contract complexity on the adoption of derivatives among commercial in Kenya, and to determine the effect of public awareness framework on the adoption of derivatives among commercial banks in Kenya. The study was anchored on liquidity preference theory, and information signalling theory. The study design was descriptive survey where the study focused on commercial banks in Kenya. The target population were all the 36 commercial banks licensed by Central bank of Kenya. Since the study target population was smaller, a census survey covering all commercial banks that operated as at 2019 was conducted. The study relied on questionnaires extensively used during data collection. The data was analysed through multivariate analysis with the assistance of the statistical Package for Social Sciences package (SPSS). The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study results established that the independent variables explain eighty-three-point two percent of the variation in the adoption of derivative instruments. Further, ANOVA showed that the independent variables combined have a significant effect on adoption of derivative instruments among commercial banks in Kenya as depicted by probably value less than 0.05 level of significance. The study also revealed that the effect of complexity of derivatives contract on adoption of derivative instruments was negative and statistically significant. The effect of public awareness framework on derivatives instruments adoption among commercial banks was positive and statistically significant. The study therefore concluded that complexity of derivative contract, public awareness framework and liquidity had a significant effect on adoption of derivative instruments among commercial banks in Kenya. Key Words: Antecedents of Derivative Instruments, Contract Complexity, Adoption of Derivatives, Commercial in Kenya, Public Awareness Framework
AGILE VIRTUAL ICT SYSTEMS AND PROCESS OPTIMIZATION IN COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
Commercial banks play a critical role in the economic development of Kenya by providing essential financial services that foster economic growth and stability. The performance of commercial banks in Kenya is influenced by various challenges owing to the rapidly evolving financial landscape, they face growing pressure to enhance operational efficiency, deliver superior customer experiences to remain agile in responding to the market dynamics. The general objective of the study is to assess the effect of agile virtual ICT systems on process optimization of commercial banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to examine the effect of adoption of ICT tools in process optimization in commercial banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya, and to assess the effect of DevSecOps systems in process optimization in commercial banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya. This study was guided by Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Socio-Technical Systems Theory. This study used descriptive research design. The target population was the 40 commercial banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The unit of observation was top, middle and lower-level management employees. The study used Krejcie and Morgan (1970) formula to arrive at the sample size. The study sample size was therefore 152 employees. Stratified random sampling was applied to get the respondents. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire. A pilot test was conducted to determine validity and reliability of the data collection instrument. Data obtained from the field was coded, cleaned, and entered into the computer for analysis using the SPSS version 25. Data analysis was done through use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics included frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation. Inferential statistical analysis used was multiple regression and correlation analysis. The study results were presented through us of tables and figures. The study concludes that ICT tools have a positive and significant effect on process optimization in commercial banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Further, the study concludes that DevSecOps systems have a positive and significant effect on process optimization in commercial banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study recommends that the management of commercial banks in Kenya should invest in the integration of advanced ICT tools such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems to enhance process optimization. Key Words: Agile Virtual ICT Systems, Process Optimization, Commercial Banks, Nairobi City County, ICT Tools, DevSecOps Systems
PARTICIPATORY MONITORING AND EVALUATION IN GENDER EQUALITY ADVANCEMENT IN GARISSA COUNTY, KENYA
Despite decades of development efforts, gender inequality remains a persistent challenge in Kenya’s arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs), including Garissa County. Women and marginalized groups continue to face limited participation in public decision-making and inadequate inclusion in project planning, monitoring, and evaluation processes. This exclusion undermines not only gender equity goals but also the effectiveness and sustainability of development interventions. Although participatory monitoring and evaluation (M&E) has gained traction as a people-centered and inclusive approach, its actual application in promoting gender equality at the local governance level remains underexplored, particularly in culturally conservative and resource-constrained regions like Garissa. This study sought to investigate the role of participatory monitoring and evaluation in advancing gender equality in Garissa County. Specifically, it examined how socio-economic factors, stakeholder collaboration influence the participation of women in M&E processes. The study was grounded in participatory development theory and gender-transformative evaluation frameworks. The research adopted a descriptive and exploratory design, utilizing a census approach to collect data from all 137 targeted respondents, including Ugatuzi na Kazi project beneficiaries, elected county assembly members, ward administrators, field supervisors, and a sub-county administrator. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire that combined closed-ended Likert-scale items and open-ended questions to capture both quantitative patterns and qualitative insights. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including multiple regression analysis and correlation testing, with results presented in tables and charts. Diagnostic tests were also conducted to ensure model reliability. The qualitative responses were thematically analyzed to contextualize statistical findings. Descriptive results showed strong agreement that socio-economic and institutional factors shape women’s involvement, with aggregate means above 3.8 across all variables. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive associations between all independent variables and gender equality (r-values ranging from 0.642 to 0.792, p < 0.05). Regression results confirmed that the four predictors jointly explained 70.8% of the variance in gender equality advancement (R = 0.861, R² = 0.709, Adjusted R² = 0.708, n = 106). The study concluded that participatory M&E is strongly influenced by socio-economic conditions, collaboration among stakeholders. It recommends targeted financial support to women, stronger multi-stakeholder frameworks, to enhance women’s effective participation in M&E processes. Key Words: Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation, Gender Equality, Garissa County, Socio-Economic Factors, Stakeholder Collaboration
DIGITAL CONTRACT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND PROCUREMENT PERFORMANCE IN NAIROBI COUNTY GOVERNMENT IN KENYA
The efficiency and transparency of public procurement processes are critical to ensuring value for money, compliance with regulatory frameworks, and improved service delivery. In recent years, the adoption of digital contract management systems has emerged as a transformative approach to enhance contract administration, performance tracking, and supplier relations. This study examined the influence of digital contract management systems on procurement performance in Nairobi City County Government, focusing on contract structure, and contract monitoring. The research was anchored on Control Theory, and Principal–Agent Theory providing a multi-theoretical perspective for understanding the relationships between digital contract management practices and procurement outcomes. The study adopted a descriptive research design targeting 137 staff members involved in procurement and contract management across various county departments. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 102 respondents, ensuring proportional representation of all departments. Data were collected through self-administered structured questionnaires using a drop-and-pick method, complemented by email distribution for inaccessible respondents. Prior to the main survey, a pilot test was conducted in Kiambu County to assess the instrument’s validity and reliability, achieving Cronbach’s alpha coefficients above the acceptable threshold of 0.7 for all variables. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, Version 28). Descriptive statistics summarized respondents’ demographic characteristics and variable responses, while inferential statistics, specifically multiple linear regression analysis, tested the effect of each independent variable on procurement performance. Pearson correlation results revealed strong and significant relationships between procurement performance and contract structure (r = 0.642, p < 0.05), contract monitoring (r = 0.701, p < 0.05). The findings underscore the importance of adopting clear and comprehensive contract structures, strengthening monitoring mechanisms in enhancing procurement performance. The study recommends further investment in digital procurement platforms, capacity building for procurement personnel, and continuous review of contract management policies to align with evolving best practices. These insights are expected to benefit policymakers, procurement practitioners, and researchers seeking to enhance efficiency, accountability, and transparency in public sector procurement. Key Words: Digital Contract Management Systems, Contract Structure, Contract Monitoring, Procurement Performance, Nairobi City County
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT MODELS AND PERFORMANCE OF NON- GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play a critical role in promoting social welfare and development in Kenya; however, many struggle to achieve sustainable performance due to weak strategic management practices, resource constraints, and inconsistent governance systems. This study sought to examine the influence of strategic management models on the performance of NGOs in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The specific objectives were to determine the effect of strategy formulation, and strategy implementation on the performance of NGOs. The study was guided by Ansoff’s Strategic Success Theory, and Stakeholder Theory. It adopted a positivist research philosophy and employed a descriptive research design. The target population comprised 400 directors and project managers from registered NGOs in Nairobi City County, from which a sample of 200 respondents was selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires that included both closed and open-ended items. A pilot study was conducted to test the validity and reliability of the research instrument before the main data collection. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression analysis, and the results were presented in tables and narrative explanations. The study established that strategy formulation and strategy implementation Specifically, strategy formulation emerged as the strongest predictor of performance, followed closely by strategy implementation. The findings indicated that NGOs that institutionalize structured, participatory, and evidence-based strategic management models achieve greater operational efficiency, accountability, and sustainability. The study concluded that strategic management practices collectively enhance performance by aligning organizational resources, improving decision-making, and promoting adaptability in dynamic operating environments. It was recommended that NGOs strengthen inclusive goal-setting frameworks, institutionalize participatory and data-driven strategy formulation, enhance leadership capacity for effective implementation, into their strategic management processes. The study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on strategic management in the non-profit sector and provides a practical framework for improving organizational performance and sustainability among NGOs in Kenya. Key Words: Strategic Management Models, Performance of NGOs, Nairobi City County, Strategy Formulation, Strategy Implementation
CYBER SECURITY RISKS AND PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA
Cybersecurity threats have become a critical challenge for commercial state corporations (CSCs) in Kenya as these organizations expand their digital infrastructure to enhance service delivery, operational efficiency, and public accountability. Despite national frameworks such as the Kenya National Cybersecurity Strategy (2022–2027) and the Data Protection Act (2019), recent audits reveal that the majority of CSCs lack formal cybersecurity policies, testing procedures, and dedicated security budgets, exposing them to risks that compromise service continuity and regulatory compliance. The main objective of this study was to examine the influence of cybersecurity risks on the performance of commercial state corporations in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to assess the effect of network security and regular testing and updates on organizational performance indicators such as service availability, stakeholder satisfaction, and legal compliance. The study was grounded in the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) Framework and Dynamic Capabilities Theory. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey research design was employed, targeting all 46 CSCs in Kenya. A purposive sampling approach was used to select a sample of 92 respondents, comprising ICT managers and strategic planning officers. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and analysed using SPSS version 27. A pilot study involving 10 respondents from five non-participating commercial state corporations were conducted to assess the clarity, consistency, and construct alignment of the structured questionnaire, with expert reviews ensuring content validity and reliability confirmed through Cronbach’s alpha using SPSS. For the main study, descriptive statistics including frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations summarized the data, while inferential statistics such as Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regression were used to examine relationships between variables. Network security emerged as the most influential factor, followed by regular testing and updates. The study concluded that effective cybersecurity management enhances operational efficiency, service reliability, regulatory compliance, and stakeholder trust. It emphasized that cybersecurity is not merely a technical function but a strategic performance enabler for public-commercial institutions. The study recommends that commercial state corporations invest in robust network protection systems and implement structured testing and update policies. Strengthening these practices holistically will enhance resilience, ensure service continuity, and improve the overall performance of commercial state corporations in Kenya. Key Words: Cybersecurity Risks, Commercial State Corporations in Kenya, Network Security, Regular Testing and Updates, Organizational Performance
STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE OF REGULATORY STATE CORPORATIONS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA
In the recent past, many state corporations in Kenya have been facing dismal performance trends, a situation that has derailed the sustainability of most of these crucial institutions. The general objective of the study was to determine the influence of strategic leadership practices on the performance of regulatory state corporations in Nairobi County, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to w determine the influence of talent development on the performance of regulatory state corporations in Nairobi County, Kenya, to establish the influence of innovativeness on the performance of regulatory state corporations in Nairobi County, Kenya. This research was conducted based on Human Capital Theory, innovation diffusion theory. This study adopted a descriptive research design. The unit of analysis for this study was 46 state corporations in Kenya while the unit of observation was 340 management employees working with the state corporations. The study used Yamane formulae (Yamane 1967) to determine the appropriate sample size for this study. The 184 respondents were chosen with the help of stratified random sampling technique. The study then used simple random sampling to select respondents from each group. This research used a questionnaire to collect primary data. Eighteen questionnaires were piloted that represented 10% of the target population. The study collected quantitative data which was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Multivariate linear regression was used to determine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Descriptive analysis showed that talent development had the highest mean score (4.136), followed by innovativeness (4.094). Correlation analysis confirmed significant positive relationships between all independent variables and performance, with talent development showing the strongest correlation (r = 0.835, p = 0.004). Regression analysis revealed that talent development (B = 0.412, p = 0.000), innovativeness (B = 0.356, p = 0.001), significantly predict organizational performance. The study concluded that talent development had the greatest influence on performance, followed by innovativeness. It is recommended that state corporations strengthen talent development programs, foster a culture of innovation, to improve decision-making and adaptability. Future research should explore additional performance factors, conduct longitudinal studies, and assess the role of external environmental influences on organizational success. Key Words: Strategic Leadership Practices, Talent Development, Innovativeness, Performance of Regulatory State Corporations, Nairobi County, Kenya
Performance of Regulatory State Corporations
STRATEGIC FACTORS AND COMPETITIVENESS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA
The competitiveness of Kenya's commercial banking sector was investigated as a critical factor in driving economic growth and financial inclusion. The study explored strategic factors influencing competitiveness, focusing on retail network expansion and financial leverage. A descriptive research design was employed, collecting data from 44 branches of KCB Group and Consolidated Bank in Nairobi, Kiambu, and Murang’a Counties. Analytical methods, including regression, ANOVA, and correlation analyses, were utilized to evaluate these relationships. The findings indicated that retail network expansion, particularly branch establishment, significantly enhanced market presence and customer acquisition, although digital platforms were essential for broader accessibility. Financial leverage, with a focus on Return on Equity (ROE), emerged as a key driver of market share and operational stability, supported by liquidity. The study concluded that Kenyan banks needed to balance physical and digital expansion, leverage financial strategies, optimize asset acquisition, and adopt adaptive communication approaches to sustain competitiveness. Recommendations included the integration of fintech innovations, optimization of workforce development, and exploration of emerging communication technologies. These findings contributed to strategic management literature and provided actionable insights for banks navigating Kenya's dynamic financial landscape. Future research was suggested to investigate digital transformation's role and conduct cross-regional comparative studies on competitiveness. Key Words: Strategic Factors, Competitiveness, Retail Network Expansion, Financial Leverage, Commercial Banks in Kenya
IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES OF THE SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE FUND (SHIF) AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE IN KENYA
Kenya abolished the long-serving National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) and introduced the Social Health Insurance Fund (SHIF), administered by the Social Health Authority (SHA), to close coverage gaps, improve pooling, and accelerate Universal Health Coverage (UHC) under the Bottom-Up Economic Transformation Agenda (BETA). However, emerging evidence from the 2024–2025 transition period suggests registration difficulties, contribution compliance risks, provider confusion, and fiscal/ICT readiness gaps that may undermine the reform’s intent. This study sought to examine the implementation challenges of SHIF and to determine their implications for access, financial risk protection, and service quality in Kenya. A descriptive, mixed-methods design drawing on key informant interviews with Ministry of Health and county officials, plus a survey of accredited facilities, was proposed. Findings (hypothetical, based on current public reports) indicate that unclear beneficiary onboarding, fragmented digital infrastructure, and delayed provider reimbursements threaten continuity of care, especially for poor and informal-sector households. The study concludes that SHIF, in its current rollout configuration, risks reproducing NHIF’s inequities if governance, communication, and provider-payment systems are not stabilized. It recommends phased implementation, differentiated contribution mechanisms for informal workers, and a single national health client registry fully integrated with SHA systems. Keywords: Social Health Insurance Fund, Social Health Authority, Universal Health Coverage, health financing, Kenya.
SUPPLY CHAIN MAPPING AND PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
Supply chain efficiency is a critical factor in determining the success and performance of manufacturing firms, especially in dynamic and competitive environments. This study examines the influence of supply chain mapping on the performance of manufacturing firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya, focusing on material mapping and information mapping. Despite extensive research on supply chain management, existing literature does not adequately explore the interrelationships between supply chain mapping and firm performance in developing economies, particularly in Kenya. This study was guided by four theoretical frameworks: the Resource-Based View (RBV), Stewardship Theory, Systems Theory, and Social Exchange Theory. A descriptive survey research design was employed, targeting manufacturing firms operating in Nairobi City County, Kenya. According to the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS, 2021), there are approximately 630 manufacturing firms in the county. A sample size of 239 firms were determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s (1970) formula, ensuring proportional representation across different manufacturing sectors. Stratified random sampling was applied to categorize firms by industry type and select respondents. Primary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and key informant interviews, targeting supply chain managers, procurement officers, operations managers, and finance managers. A pilot test (10% of the sample size) was conducted to assess instrument reliability. The results affirmed the instrument’s robustness for the main study. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations, frequency distributions) and inferential statistics (multiple regression analysis) to assess relationships between supply chain mapping dimensions and firm performance. Thematic analysis was applied to analyze qualitative data from open-ended responses and interviews. Findings revealed that the variables significantly predicted performance, with information mapping (B = 0.362, p < 0.05) emerging as the strongest predictor, followed by material mapping (B = 0.287, p < 0.05). The study concluded that digitalized mapping enhance efficiency, profitability, and competitiveness. It recommended that firms prioritize investment in advanced tracking systems, real-time data integration, automated financial tools, and structural agility, while pursuing these practices in an integrated and holistic manner to maximize performance outcomes. Key Words: Supply Chain Mapping, Material Mapping, Information Mapping, Performance of Manufacturing Firms Nairobi City County, Kenya
E-PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE OF SUPERMARKETS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
E-procurement is the use of electronic technologies and the internet to carry out procurement functions. E-procurement has made procurement more efficient and competitive globally. Supermarkets in Kenya are a significant part of the wholesale and retail sub-sector, which is one of the biggest contributors to the country's GDP. Despite their significant role in the economy, supermarkets encounter poor management, inventory logistics, supply chain challenges and fierce rivalry from international and local retailers leading to job losses within the supermarket value chain impacting the Kenyan economy negatively. The general objective was to examine the effect of e-procurement practices on performance of supermarkets in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The specific objectives were to examine effect of e-sourcing and e-tendering on performance of supermarkets in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study was guided by the dynamic capability theory and innovation diffusion theory. The study employed a descriptive research design. The study targeted 9 large supermarkets in Nairobi City County. The unit of observation was the procurement and accounting managers in the branches hence a total of 144 respondents. The sample size of was determined using census hence all the 144 respondents were sampled. The study used primary data collected using questionnaires. The study carried out a pilot test with 14 management staff in procurement and finance departments. This study employed construct and content validity. Reliability was tested using Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 28. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The descriptive statistics included frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation while inferential statistics included correlation and regression. Study results were presented in tables. The findings revealed that e-sourcing and e-tendering had statistically significant and positive effects on performance. Among these, e-tendering emerged as the strongest predictor of performance (β = 0.314), followed by e-sourcing (β = 0.278). These results confirm that while all practices contribute meaningfully, e-tendering has the most substantial impact in driving improvements across financial, operational, and customer-related performance metrics. The study concludes that supermarkets with more advanced and integrated e-procurement systems—especially those that emphasize digital tendering—tend to perform better overall. It is therefore recommended that supermarket managers prioritize the enhancement of e-tendering systems and ensure consistent use of e-sourcing tools across branches. Investments in digital infrastructure, system security, and staff capacity-building will be critical for optimizing procurement performance and sustaining competitive advantage in the retail sector. Key Words: E-Procurement Practices, E-Sourcing, E-Tendering, Performance, Supermarkets
MANAGERIAL SECONDMENTS FACTORS AND PERFORMANCE OF KTDA FACTORIES IN SELECT COUNTIES IN KENYA
This study sought to investigate the effect of managerial secondment factors on the performance of Kenya Tea Development Agency (KTDA) factories in selected counties of Kenya. The key objectives were to examine the impact of the educational background of seconded managers, duration of secondment, management practices adopted, and prior management experience on factory performance. A census approach was adopted, targeting all KTDA factories in Kiambu, Nyeri, Murang’a, and Kirinyaga counties. Data was collected through structured questionnaires administered to managers, employees, and key stakeholders. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics via SPSS, while qualitative responses underwent thematic analysis. The study revealed that the educational background and technical skills of seconded managers positively influence factory performance, with a high level of agreement among respondents (mean = 4.3, SD = 0.6749). The average secondment duration was 13 months, with findings showing it significantly impacts operational and financial performance (r = 0.583, p = 0.002; B = 0.287, p = 0.002). Most seconded managers employed consistent and effective management practices (mean = 4.1, SD = 0.7379), and prior managerial experience was deemed highly relevant (mean = 4.2, SD = 0.6325). Multiple regression analysis confirmed the model’s statistical significance (F = 29.214, p = 0.000), with an R² value of 0.697, indicating that 69.7% of the variance in performance outcomes was explained by the predictor variables. Managerial competencies (B = 0.342, p = 0.001) and duration of secondment (Beta = 0.414, p = 0.000) emerged as significant predictors of performance. The findings underscore the importance of structured mentorship, robust feedback mechanisms, and alignment of secondment strategies with organizational objectives. This study contributes to empirical knowledge on secondment practices and provides actionable recommendations for enhancing KTDA’s secondment policies. By strengthening managerial secondments, KTDA can promote leadership development, improve employee morale, and drive sustainable factory performance. Key Words: Managerial secondment, KTDA, factory performance, management practices, leadership development, secondment duration, organizational effectiveness
Managerial secondmentManagerial secondment
STRATEGIC INNOVATION AND PERFORMANCE OF AGRIBUSINESS COMPANIES IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA
This study sought to establish the influence of Strategic innovation on the performance of agribusiness companies in Nairobi County. The study was guided by the following Specific objectives; to establish the influence of Product Innovation on performance of agribusiness companies in Nairobi County, and to establish the influence of Marketing Innovation on the performance of agribusiness companies in Nairobi County. The theories underpinning the study were diffusion of innovation theory, and dynamic capabilities theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design to measure the influence of strategic innovations on the performance of agribusiness companies in Nairobi County. The target population was 199 agribusiness companies in Nairobi Kenya with respondents being one business unit manager per firm. The study employed purposive sampling to determine the sample size. A 10% sample size was allocated for the pilot study to assess the reliability and validity of the research instruments. The study used structured questionnaire to collect primary data and SPSS was used to analyze data. Descriptive and Inferential statistics were used to establish the relationships that exist between the variables. The correlation coefficient was used to measure the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables while the regression analysis will be used to measure the strength between the independent and dependent variables. Data was presented in the form of tables. Descriptive such as mean, frequencies, standard deviation, and percentages, were used to profile major patterns emerging from the data. The relationships between the variables were determined using inferential statistics. The correlation analysis showed that there exists a significant positive correlation between the independent variables of the study and the performance of agribusiness firms in Nairobi County. Inferential analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between strategic innovations and the performance of agribusiness firms. Based on the R–squared, the model can explain 69.3% of the changes in the dependent variable. Regression results showed that a unit increase in any independent variable will lead to an increase in the performance of agribusiness firms. The study recommends that the management of agribusiness firms invest more in research and development for continuous product development. The study further recommends that the firms should adopt more strategic innovations in line with operations and productions. Key Words: Strategic innovation, Product Innovation, Marketing Innovation, Performance, Agribusiness Companies
LEAD TIME AND PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
The main purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between lead time and performance of manufacturing firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study used descriptive research design, where both qualitative and quantitative research was applied. The target population will be 328 respondents from the concerned firms in Nairobi city county, Kenya. The researcher carried census survey since respondents are manageable. The research technique was purposive sampling techniques. 10% (33) of the respondents was pilot tested for validity and reliability of the research instrument. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics with the help of Statistical Package for Social Science version 28 and the same is now presented in a form of tables and figure. The reliability and validity results was acceptable with rating of over 0.7 and 0.5 respectively. This study concludes and recommends that lead time had a strongly relationship with performance of manufacturing firms in Nairobi city County, Kenya. Key Words: Lead Time , Performance , Manufacturing Firms , Nairobi City County, Theory of Constraints
LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE FOOD AND BEVERAGE MANUFACURING FIRMS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
The study sought to investigate the effects of Logistics Management Practices on Performance Food And Beverage Manufacuring Firms In Nairobi City County,Kenya. The study sought to accomplish the following specific objectives: to establish the effects of green technology on the Performance Food And Beverage Manufacuring Firms In Nairobi City County,Kenya, and to investigate how green technology affects on the Performance Food And Beverage Manufacuring Firms In Nairobi City County,Kenya. This research adopted a descriptive approach on the effects of Logistics Management Practices on performance of manufacturing firms. The target population of this investigation composed of the Management staff of mananufactering firm in kenya. Simple random sampling technique was applied to come up with a sample size where primary data was accumulated specifically from respondents and for this study the research used a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of close and open-ended questions. The research conducted a multiple regression analysis so as to determine the relationship between Logistics Management Practices and performance. The target population was 187 administration staff. The research used stratified random sampling procedure to select a sample size of 127 respondents. Quantitative data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics using SPSS and presented using tables, pie charts and bar graphs. The results indicated that 94% agreed that green procurement impacts on organizational performance in the manufacturing firms, 75% of the respondents were of the sentiments that green technology significantly affects performance in the manufacturing firms. The coefficient of determination (R-square) was 0.728 implying that the four variables jointly accounted for up to 72.8% of the variation in Performance Food And Beverage Manufacuring Firms In Nairobi City County,Kenya. It follows 27.2% of the variation Performance Food And Beverage Manufacuring Firms In Nairobi City County,Kenya. The study recommends that another study should be carried out on the same topic that evaluates a broader range of the effects of Logistics Management Practicespractice on performance in the manufacturing firms or covers another industry in the economy such as the banking industry, transport industry, and the agricultural industry among others. Key Words: Green Procurement, Green Technology, Logistics Management Practices
PROJECT MONITORING AND EVALUATION AND PERFORMANCE OF DEPOSIT TAKING SAVINGS AND CREDIT COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN KAJIADO COUNTY, KENYA
Deposit-Taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (DT-SACCOs) play a pivotal role in promoting financial inclusion and economic empowerment, particularly among underserved and low-income populations. However, the performance of Deposit-Taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (DT-SACCOs) has been declining over the years. The general objective of the study is to establish the influence of project monitoring and evaluation on performance of deposit taking savings and credit cooperative societies in Kajiado County, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to determine the influence of M&E planning and M&E team capability on performance of deposit taking savings and credit cooperative societies in Kajiado County, Kenya. This study was anchored on; Results-Based Management (RBM) Theory and Resource-Based View (RBV) Theory. In this study, a descriptive research design was employed. This study targeted deposit taking savings and credit cooperative societies in Kajiado County, Kenya. According SASRA report (2023) there is a total of 35 SACCOs licensed for deposit-taking business in Kajiado County, Kenya. This study targeted the management employees working in these deposit taking savings and credit cooperative societies in Kajiado County, Kenya. The total target population was therefore 280 respondents comprising of 35 top managers, 105 middle managers and 140 lower level managers. The Yamane formula was adopted to calculate the study sample size. Therefore, the study sample size was 165 respondents. This study relied on primary data collected through use of structured questionnaires. Data obtained from the field was coded, cleaned, and entered into the computer for analysis using the SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistical included frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation. Inferential statistical analysis comprised of multiple regression and correlation analysis. The study results were presented through use of tables and figures. The study concludes that M&E planning has a significant effect on performance of deposit taking savings and credit cooperative societies in Kajiado County, Kenya. In addition, the study concluded that M&E team capability has a significant effect on performance of deposit taking savings and credit cooperative societies in Kajiado County, Kenya.. The study recommends that the management of deposit taking savings and credit cooperative societies should invest in building the technical skills, knowledge, and competencies of their M&E personnel. This can be achieved through targeted training, professional development programs, and exposure to modern monitoring tools and data analysis techniques Key Words: Project Monitoring and Evaluation, M&E Planning, M&E Team Capability, Performance of Deposit Taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies
Performance of Deposit Taking Savings and Credit Cooperative
SUPPLY CHAIN RISK MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA
State corporations are government-owned entities that operate in various sectors of the economy. They are established to provide goods or services that are considered essential or to fulfill specific public policy objectives. State corporations in Kenya face a myriad of challenges that significantly impact their efficiency and effectiveness. The general objective of this study was to establish the influence of supply chain risk management and performance of state corporations in Kenya. Specifically, the sought to determine the effect of risk assessment on performance of state corporations in Kenya and to assess the effect of risk monitoring on performance of state corporations in Kenya. This study was anchored by: Resource-Based View (RBV) and Systems Theory. . The study employed a descriptive research design. The study targeted a total of 276 respondents comprising of 46 top managers, 92 middle level managers and 138 lower level managers. The sample for this study was arrived at using the Slovin’s sample size. This study used simple random sampling to select 163 respondents. This study also used questionnaire to collect data relevant to this study. Quantitative data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques which are frequencies, mean, standard deviation. Inferential statistics which include Pearson correlation and the Regression Analysis Model were used to test the relationship between study variables. The significance of the model was tested at 5% level of significance. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The study results were presented through use of tables and figures. The study concludes that risk assessment has a positive and significant effect on performance of state corporations in Kenya. The study also concludes that risk monitoring has a positive and significant effect on performance of state corporations in Kenya. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the management of state corporations in Kenya should institutionalize continuous risk monitoring mechanisms as part of their governance and operational frameworks. Ongoing monitoring enables early detection of changes in risk levels, ensures compliance with risk management policies, and facilitates timely interventions before issues escalate. Key Words: Supply Chain Risk Management, Risk Assessment, Risk Monitoring, Performance of State Corporations
ACCESS TO CREDIT BY INFORMAL SECTOR PLAYERS AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD OF JUA KALI METAL FABRICATORS IN KAMUKUNJI
This study examined access to credit by the informal sector players and its contribution to sustainable livelihood of Jua Kali metal fabricators located in Kamukunji in Nairobi. Specifically, it focused on extent of access to non-governmental credit organizations (NGCO’s), and informal credit organization’s (ICO’s) by informal sector players and its contribution to sustainable livelihood of Jua Kali metal fabricators at Kamukunji. The study was conducted on 160 metal business owners whose workshops are located in Kamukunji area in Nairobi. It used purposive sampling in which questionnaires and interview schedules were administered to jua kali metal fabricators in different workshops. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS and processed using descriptive statistics from which the findings were summarized using percentages, frequency, mean and standard deviation to facilitate interpretation. Under correlation, the study found that access to NGCO’s(X2) was positively and significantly associated with sustainable livelihood, with a correlation coefficient of 0.673 (p < 0.01), indicating a moderate yet significant positive relationship between the two variables. Lastly, ICO’s (X4) were found to have a significant positive correlation (correlation coefficient of 0.628, (p < 0.01) with sustainable livelihood of Jua Kali metal Fabricators, suggesting a modest yet meaningful association between informal credit organizations and sustainable livelihood of steel fabricators in Kamukunji. Results based on NGCO’s and ICO’s revealed a noteworthy positive correlation between non-governmental credit organizations and sustainable livelihood among the metal fabricators. Similarly, regression results showed that non-governmental credit organizations with its coefficient (β = 0.644) and p-value (p = 0.000), indicated significant predictor of sustainable livelihood among the players. Lastly, correlation analysis results of the second objective revealed a statistically significant positive association between informal credit organizations and sustainable livelihood. Regression analysis revealed that informal credit organizations had a positive and significant effect on sustainable livelihood of the Jua Kali metal Fabricators. Key Words: Access to Credit, Informal Sector Players, Sustainable Livelihood, Jua Kali Metal Fabricators, Non-Governmental Credit Organizations, Informal Credit Organization’s